ConferenceSeries Ltd invites all the participants from all over the world to attend 'International Conference on Pediatric Care and Pediatric Infectious Disease' during August 24-25, 2016 in Philadelphia, USA which includes prompt keynote presentations, Oral talks, Poster presentations and Exhibitions.

Pediatric Infectious Diseases

The aim of the study of Pediatrics is to reduce infants and child rate of deaths, control the spread of infectious diseases, promote healthy lifestyles for a long disease-free life and help affluence the problems of children and adolescents. Pediatric infectious diseases are the diseases which will affect the child has a recurring or persistent disease caused by an infectious agent such as bacteria, fungus, parasite and other rare infections. Some of the Pediatric infectious diseases include bone infections, skin infections, joint infections, blood infections. The major causes for Pediatric infectious diseases are the fungal infection, parasitic infection, bacterial infection and viral infections etc.

Congenital and Neonatal Infections

Congenital infections affect the unborn fetus or new-born infant. They are generally caused by viruses that may be picked up by the baby at any time during the pregnancy up through the time of delivery.  The viruses initially infect the mother who consequently may pass it to the baby either directly through the placenta or at the time of delivery as the baby passes through the birth canal. The more common viruses linked to congenital infections include the Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes, Rubella (German measles), Parvovirus, Varicella (chickenpox), and Enteroviruses.

Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate during the neonatal period or first four weeks after birth. Neonatal infections may be contracted by trans placental transfer in utero, in the birth canal during delivery or by other means after birth. Some neonatal infections are apparent soon after delivery, while others can develop postpartum within the first week or month. Some infections attained in the neonatal period do not become apparent until much later such as HIV, hepatitis B and malaria.

Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

A neonatal intensive care unit, also called as an intensive care nursery (ICN), is an intensive care unit specializing in the care of ill or premature new-born infants. The birth of a baby is a pleasing yet very complex process. Many physical and emotional changes occur for mother and baby. A baby must make many physical adjustments to life outside the mother's body.

Pediatric Transplant & Infection Control

Young children readily transmit and acquire nosocomial infections. Children are vulnerable to endogenous infections as a result of the breakdown of their normal defences by disease, invasive procedures or therapy. The prevention of transmission between patients and to personnel requires that certain measures be taken with all patients, and that additional precautions be taken with some infections, based on the route of transmission.

Central Nervous System Infections

Central nervous system Infection is a life-threatening condition in the Pediatric population. Almost all agents can cause infection within the central nervous system and the extent of infection ranges from diffuse involvement of the meninges, brain and the spinal cord to localized involvement presenting as a space-occupying lesion. Acute bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of mortality and long-term neurological disability. Opportunely, the incidence of infection after clean craniotomy is < 5%, but it leads to significant morbidity as well as fiscal loss. The most significant causative factor in post craniotomy infections is postoperative cerebral spinal fluid leak. Cerebral abscess related to organic congenital heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Pediatric population. Viral meningitis is sometimes termed aseptic meningitis. Other infections affect primarily the brain and result in encephalitis. Infections affect both the meninges and brain result in meningoencephalitis. Meningitis is far more common among children than is encephalitis.

Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Respiratory tract infection discusses to any number of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract. An infection of this type is normally further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection and a lower respiratory tract infection. Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more serious conditions than upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold. Viral respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and airways and may be caused by any of several different viruses and Common respiratory tract infections include the common cold and influenza.

Gastrointestinal Infections in Children

Gastrointestinal problems are arising from time to time in infancy. They are usually caused by a viral infection in the stomach. Rotavirus and Norwalk virus infection are common causes of gastroenteritis in babies and children. E coli, campylobacter, and salmonella are important bacterial causes of gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhoea is a medical condition from inflammation of the GI tract that involves both the stomach and the small intestine. It causes some combination of diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been raised to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.

Urinary Tract Infections In children

Urinary tract infections are common in kids. By the time they're 5 years old, about 8% of girls and about 1-2% of boys have had at least one. Most UTIs are caused when bacteria infect the urinary tract, which is made up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and also urethra. Each plays a role in removing liquid waste from the body. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine and the ureters carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder; and the bladder stores the urine until it leaves the body through the urethra.

Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Infections

Bone and joint infections are a significant cause of sickness in infants and young children and it cause permanent disability. Early recognition and prompt institution of appropriate medical and surgical therapy decrease permanent damage. The risk is greatest if the physis is damaged. Bone infections, or osteomyelitis, involve inflammation of the bone, usually caused by a bacterial infection. Soft tissue infections are common and usually respond rapidly to oral antibiotics; if empirical therapy fails then exposure to unusual organisms should be considered. Septic arthritis needs early recognition, identification of the infecting pathogen and urgent joint washout to prevent irreversible cartilage and bone destruction. Prosthetic joint infection is uncommon but has high injury; the best outcomes are achieved with removal of the prosthesis and replacement after at least six weeks of antibiotic therapy.

Infection Related Nutrition

Infection and malnutrition have always intricately linked. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide, and we are learning more and more about the pathogenesis of this interaction. Five infectious diseases reason for more than one-half of all deaths in children aged <5 years, most of whom are undernourished. Micro nutrient deficiencies have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and weakness to infection.

Vaccines and Prevention

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate a separate immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate injury from infection. When a necessarily large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, influenza vaccine, HPV vaccine and chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is mainly responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the control of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or donate to the prevention and control of twenty-five preventable infections.

Pediatric Nursing in Infectious Disease

Pediatric nurse’s work combined with doctors, and other interdisciplinary health professionals, to provide health care and information about disease and treatment plans to their patients and their families. They can work in hospitals, clinics, public health, community centres, and private practices. Depending on each patient's particular treatment plan, Pediatric nurse’s job duties may contain administering medications, placing Intra Venous lines on patients, and administering other kinds of therapies. Some of the Pediatric Nursing in infectious diseases includes HIV/AIDS treatment, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Clostridium difficile, Adolescents with Down syndrome.