38^th International Conference on Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Therapy September 26-27, 2024 Oslo, Norway

Pediatric hematology is the branch of pediatrics managing the investigation, determination, treatment, and counteractive action of various kinds of blood issue including the investigation of draining and thickening issue in kids. The investigation of Tumor Cell Biology audit applications worried about flag transduction systems in neoplastic cells, and control of tumor cell phenotype and conduct, and tumor movement. It is critical to think about causes, chance variables and the speculation in pediatrics with hematology issue. A restorative expert who spends significant time in this field of pediatric hematology is called a pediatric hematologist. It is essential that one ought to be comfortable with the instructive and preventive measures keeping in mind the end goal to keep youngsters from being influenced by blood issue.

• Bleeding and clotting disorders
• Tumor cell biology and research
• Radiation therapy
• Leukemia
• Incidence and types of childhood cancer
• Causes, risk factors and hypotheses
• Drug development and diagnostics
• Educational and preventive measures
• Community acquired infections
• Congenital or acquired immune deficiencies
• Vaccination & complications
• Diagnosing and caring for pediatric HIV and AIDS patients

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 59 children within.

Early tests and diagnosis make an enormous difference and alter within the lives of the youngsters having autism spectrum disorder and their families. As there's no laboratory test for autism disorder, so it's not always easy to form an ASD diagnosis. So, doctors also have to rely on the symptoms and observing the behaviors and listening to the concerns with their family or parents

• Autism Awareness
• Autism tests and treatments
• Autistic Challenges in Everyday Life

The study of pediatric is decreasing the transience rates of the new-born and therefore the youngsters and moreover to regulate the scattering of diseases which are Pediatric communicable diseases which can be progressing the strong body infections-free life to prolong the concerns of adolescents and youngsters. This can be seen that the development of pediatrics is finished by knowing the various pediatric transmissible concern essential subjects which for the foremost part required for pediatrics

• Autism
• Pediatric pulmonary Medicine
• Pediatric Hematology
• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Pediatric Dermatology

Pediatric dermatology is a combination of both dermatology and pediatrics. Pediatric dermatology is a medical specialty that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to hair, nails, and skin. It will also deal with cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails. A medical practitioner who specializes in this field of pediatric dermatology is called a pediatric dermatologist. A pediatric dermatologist is known as a person who treats the various Pediatrics diseases and also the cosmetic diseases of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails of new-born and infants.

• Pediatric Psoriasis
• Vitiligo In children
• Chickenpox in children
• Measle

In general, cancer in children is uncommon. This means it can be hard for doctors to plan treatments unless they know what has been most effective in other children. That’s why more than 60% of children with cancer are treated as part of a clinical trial. A clinical trial is a research study that tests a new approach to treatment. The “standard of care” is the best treatments known. Clinical trials may test such approaches as a new drug, a new combination of standard treatments, or new doses of current therapies. The health and safety of all children participating in clinical trials are closely monitored. To take advantage of these newer treatments, children with cancer should be treated at a specialized cancer center. Doctors at these canters have extensive experience in treating children with cancer and have access to the latest research. A doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer is called a pediatric hematologist-oncologist. If a pediatric cancer center is not nearby, general cancer canters sometimes have pediatric specialists who are able to be part of the child’s care.

·         Chemotherapy

·         Radiation Therapy

·         Immunotherapy

·         Stem Cell Transplantation

          Terminal Cancer

The term STD refers to a sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are another term for STDs. STDs are infections that are transmitted from one person to another by sexual activity, such as anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Bacteria, parasites, and viruses are all responsible for STDs. The organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) can spread from person to person by blood, sperm, vaginal, and other bodily fluids. These infections can sometimes be passed from mother to kid non-sexually, such as during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or sharing needles.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that affects cells in the body that help it fight infections, making a person more susceptible to other infections and diseases. Contact with certain bodily fluids of an HIV-positive individual, most commonly during unprotected intercourse (sex without the use of a condom or HIV treatment to prevent or treat HIV), or sharing injection drug equipment spreads the virus. If HIV is not treated, it can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

• Transmission
• Prevention
• Diagnosis
• Natural History
• Treatment of Infections
• Sexual Transmission
• Sexual Health

Congenital heart defect (CHD) is usually called as congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease; it's caused thanks to problem within the structure or abnormal structure of the guts at the time of birth.

• Cyanotic heart abandons
• Non-Cyanotic Heart diseases

Immunizations are fundamental components of present-day medicine and are essential for worldwide wellbeing. This schedule of prescribed vaccinations may change depending upon where you live, your child’s wellbeing, the type of vaccine, and the availability of vaccines. The prescribed vaccination plan is intended to ensure new-born and children right on time throughout early in life, when they are most vulnerable and before they are exposed to possibly dangerous life-threatening diseases. Vaccines contain debilitated versions of a virus or versions that resemble virus (called antigens). This implies the antigens can't produce the signs or indications of the disease, yet they do stimulate the immune system to make antibodies. These antibodies help ensure you if you are exposed to the virus in the future. The following are some of the vaccines for children that are used globally.

·         Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB)

·         Meningococcal conjugate vaccine

·         Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

·         HBV vaccine

·         Varicella vaccine

·         Hib vaccine

·         MMR vaccine

·         IPV vaccine

·         Flu vaccine

·         Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)

·         Rotavirus vaccine (RV)

Viruses are microscopic germs. They're made up of genetic material encased in a protein coat. Viruses are responsible for common infectious ailments like the common cold, flu, and warts. They also spread diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. Viruses function similarly to hijackers. They infect healthy cells and use them to proliferate and produce more viruses like themselves. This can cause you to become ill by killing, damaging, or changing your cells. Viruses assault certain cells in your body, including those in your liver, respiratory system, and blood. Virus infections are one of man's most common illnesses. Children are predicted to have two to seven respiratory infections each year, whereas adults have one to three such episodes per year.

• Airborne Disease
• Biological Contamination
• Blood-borne Disease
• Clinical Bacteriology
• Clinical Mycology
• Clinical Virology
• Coinfection
• Emerging and Re-emerging Viral infections

Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible or contagious conditions, are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms like as bacteria, contagions, parasites, or fungi. These diseases can spread, directly or indirectly, from person to person, from animals to humans, or through the environment. The transmission of infectious diseases can occur through various means, including respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids, contaminated food or water, and vector- borne transmission through organisms like mosquitoes.

Infectious diseases can manifest in a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and can affect various organ systems in the body. Some common examples of infectious diseases include the flu, tuberculosis, HIV/ AIDS, malaria, and COVID- 19.

Pediatric surgery is a branch of pediatrics which is managing all the careful activities of children. It is a blend of both medical procedure and pediatrics. A pediatric medical the procedure is in charge of the treatment of numerous clutters through careful activities in children and assuming an essential part in sparing lives during childbirth organize by an infant and fetal medical procedure. A pediatric medical procedure can be for the most part isolated into two sub-classifications, known as a pediatric cardiothoracic medical the procedure, pediatric careful oncology, pediatric nephrological medical the procedure, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric urological medical procedure, pediatric hepatological medical procedure, pediatric orthopedic medical procedure, pediatric vascular medical procedure, and pediatric oncological medical procedure.

• Pediatric Surgery
• Pediatric Surgical Emergencies
• Pediatric Head & Neck Surgery
• Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
• Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
• Neonatal Surgery

Gastrointestinal disorders in youngsters extend from minor to dangerous and short-to-long haul or interminable. Neonatal Jaundice is a standout amongst the most widely recognized conditions requiring medicinal consideration in infants. Gastrointestinal sustenance hypersensitivities are not uncommon in babies and kids. Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic system a pediatric endoscopy has turned into a basic methodology for assessment and treatment of GI infections. The complex gastrointestinal medical procedure is one of the basic strategies to treat GI issue in kids. The standard infections worried about pediatric gastroenterology are intense loose bowels, gastritis, industrious regurgitating and issues with the advancement of the gastric tract.

·  Allergic GI disorders

·  Neonatal Gastroenterology

·  Clinical Pediatric Gastric Problems

·  Pediatric Gastrointestinal Drugs

·  Bowel disorder

·  Coeliac disease

·  Cystic fibrosis and pancreatic disorders

·  Endoscopy

·  Enteropathy (other than Coeliac disease)

·  Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders

·  Gastroenterology other

·  GI-infections

·  GI motility, GERD and functional GI disorders

·  Inflammatory bowel disease

·  Peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori

·  Polyposis

Hepatology

·  General Hepatology

·  Transplantation

Pediatric Orthopedic

Pediatric orthopedic doctors treat teens from the new-born stage through the teenage years. They choose to create pediatric care for the core of their medical practice, and therefore the characteristic nature of medical and surgical care of children is learned from advanced training and experience in practice.

· Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery

· Pediatric Arthritis

· Cerebral Palsy

· Bone Tumors

· Spinal Dysfunction

Pediatric Palliative care is specialized medical care for individuals living with a serious illness. Palliative care concentrates on providing relief from the indications and stress of the illness. The goal is to progress the quality of life for both the child and the family.

The team works together with the child’s other doctors as an additional layer of support. Palliative care is appropriate at any age and at any stage of an illness, and it can be provided along with treatment meant to cure.

Pediatric palliative care addresses serious medical conditions, including genetic disorders, cancer, prematurity, neurologic disorders, heart and lung conditions, and others.

Benefits of Pediatric Palliative Care

Pediatric palliative care can help any child suffering from a serious illness. Pediatric palliative care specialists focus on child behaviors and how your child’s illness and treatment affect the entire family.

Working together with the primary doctor, the palliative care team provides an extra layer of support through:

• Expert treatment of symptoms, including stress
• Communication and guidance for difficult and complex treatment choices
• Close communication and coordination with all other doctors and medical teams
• Support for the family and the siblings

It is important to remember that blending palliative care with curative treatment is essential for providing child and family with the most complete medical care possible.

Pediatric Neurology or youngster neurology alludes to a particular branch of pharmaceutical that planning with the conclusion and treatment of neurological conditions in neonates, new-born children, kids, and teenagers. Pediatric Neurology manages the analyses the issue and also treating a wide range of illnesses and disarranges of spinal rope, mind, focal and fringe sensory system, autonomic sensory system muscles and veins that influence people in these age gatherings.

Child Neurology deals with the management and designation of neurologic conditions in neonates, children, infants and adolescents etc., the discipline of child neurology encompasses diseases and disorders of the brain, peripheral system, medulla spinalis, involuntary system and blood vessels that have an effect on people in these ages’ teams. If a child has issues that involve the system, medical specialty specialist has the information to assess, diagnose, coaching and treat the children. The conditions touch upon by medical specialty neurologists vary significantly, from comparative disorders such as cerebral palsy, spastic paralysis, encephalopathy or a headache through additional advanced and rare conditions neurodegenerative disorders or metabolic disease.

·         Sleep disorders

·         Brain tumors

·         Mitochondrial Diseases

·         Behavioral disorders

·         Genetic diseases of the nervous system

·         Traumatic Brain Injury

·         Neonatal Neurology

·         Childhood Stroke

·         Chromosome path

Nurses who specialize in pediatrics devote their knowledge and skills to caring for children from the early stages through the late teen years and their families. These dedicated nurses usually complete advanced training in pediatrics and collaborate closely with doctors and other health care providers who share their enthusiasm for children’s health. Pediatric nursing is a very special vocation because it provides the opportunity to play a key role in a child’s life when that child needs you most.

Responsibilities of a pediatric nurse practitioner:

• Performing physical examinations
• Treating illness
• Prescribing medication
• Establishing treatment plans
• Administering vaccinations
• Evaluating signs and symptoms of abuse

If your child has respiratory problems or a hassle with his or her lungs, a pediatric pulmonologist has the experience and qualifications to deal with your child. Pediatric pulmonologists diagnose, treat, and manipulate teens from start to 21 years ancient with breathing and lung diseases.

Pediatric pulmonologists often treat children with the following conditions:

• Chronic cough
• Difficulty breathing
• Recurring pneumonia (infection of the lungs)
• Asthma (chronic inflammation of the airways)
• Cystic fibrosis (a genetic disease with pulmonary and nutritional symptoms)
• Apnea (when a child’s breathing stops for a prolonged time)
• Chronic lung disease in premature infants
• Noisy breathing
• Conditions that require special equipment to monitor and/or help with breathing at home

Pediatric Cardiology manages the conclusion and treatment of heart-related issues in kids. The role of pediatric cardiologists starts before the introduction of the birth of the Child itself. It is an essential part of medication and it requires consistent observing children's heart, alongside proposals for preventive and therapeutic measures.

• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Ventricular septal defect
• Anti-thrombotic treatment
• Hypoxemia
• Anastomosis
• Pulmonary atresia
• Congenital heart disease
• Separation of conjoined twins
• Cardiovascular & Hemodynamics

Pediatric radiology is a subspecialty of indicative radiology concentrated on youngsters, from babies through to youths and youthful grown-ups. Young people have alluded to pediatric radiologists since creating bodies are increasingly defenseless to the unfavorable impacts of radiation than are grown-ups of equal size.

Pediatric radiologists have specific information on the sicknesses and ailments of new-born children, youngsters, and youngsters. They can rapidly and precisely analyse conditions, for example, an infected appendix and pneumonia, the impacts of injury, or if a youngster may have a type of malignant growth.

The utilization of imaging methods with kids can forestall the requirement for exploratory medical procedure.

Pediatric radiology employs a range of techniques such as:

• X-rays;
• Ultrasound;
• CT (computed tomography) scans;
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans;
• Nuclear Medicine.

Pediatric radiologists are highly trained to understand which tests are most appropriate for the child, and to make sure the testing is safe and carried out properly. If your child needs a medical imaging test or procedure, we have some advice on how the experience can be made less stressful for the whole family.

• Pediatric imaging tests include:
• Children’s Abdominal Ultrasound;
• Children’s Barium Meal;
• Children’s Hip Ultrasound for DDH;
• Children’s Micturating Cysto-urethrogram;
• Children’s Renal Ultrasound;
• Children’s X-ray Examination.
• Useful resources for parents:

Making your child’s test or procedure less stressful

• Radiation risk of medical imaging for adults and children
• Imaging gently
• Health direct
• Pregnancy, Birth and Baby

During the early medical management in infancy, adolescence, and childhood, is known to be necessary to saving   a child life. The mainstay is mainly done by pharmacological therapies of treating the children’s disorders. Other than the usage of various drugs, the regeneration of heart tissue through the stem cell these days playing a major role this therapy is considered as the new technique to treat the several Pediatric heart diseases. The common Vaccination and immunization procedures are considered as the most helpful to treat and prevent the diseases in children.

• Radiation Techniques
• Advanced Techniques in Treating Children Diseases
• Pediatric surgical procedures
• Drug therapies
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in the bloodstream and can cause disease in humans are known as blood borne infections. Malaria, syphilis, and brucellosis are among the many bloods borne diseases, as are Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HBV and HIV are blood borne diseases that can be transmitted by coming into touch with infected human blood or other potentially infectious body fluids. These pathogens can spread from one person to another through a variety of means, including blood transfusions, sexual contact, open wounds, mucous membranes, and more. Health-care professionals are at risk of contracting blood-borne infections (HCWs).

·         Blood Disorders

·         Contamination of Blood Products

·         Sepsis

·         Infections affecting White Blood Cells

·         Blood Transfusion

Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections that can occur anywhere in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. UTIs are common and can affect people of all ages, but they're more prevalent in women.

Sepsis or Septicemia

Sepsis, commonly referred to as septicemia, is a potentially life- threatening medical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection. It occurs when the body's response to an infection becomes dysregulated, leading to widespread inflammation that can affect multiple organ systems. Sepsis can arise from infections in various parts of the body, including the lungs, abdomen, urinary tract, or skin.

Epidemiology is derived from the Greek term epi, which means on or upon, demos, which means people, and logos, which means study of. To put it another way, epidemiology is the study of what happens to a group of people. Many definitions have been proposed, but the one below best represents epidemiology's fundamental concepts and public health spirit. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, as well as the application of this knowledge to the prevention of disease. It is a cornerstone of public health, influencing policy and evidence-based practice by identifying disease risk factors and preventative healthcare priorities. Epidemiologists assist in study planning, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation and dissemination. Epidemiology has aided in the development of techniques for clinical research, public health investigations, and, to a lesser extent, basic biological science research.

·         Scientific

·         Systematic

·         Data Based

·         Natural Disaster

·         Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease

Many factors are liable for the event of Neonatal diseases like household air contamination, natural factors and high maternal Body-Mass Index (BMI), which results in neonatal mortality rate. Maternal Smoking, overweight amid pregnancy is related to risk of neonatal infection. Neonates, particularly preterm new-born children are moderately invulnerable traded off with immaturity of the system and with highly developed antibodies results in increased susceptibility to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections.

• Blood cell disorders
• Miscellaneous multisystem diseases
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection
• Neural tube defects

Pediatric Ophthalmology refers to the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, especially in children. The scope for research during this field is high because the treatment modalities and protocols differ entirely from that of the elderly. The diseases affecting the pediatric vision include Genetic eye diseases, pediatric uveitis, developmental abnormalities and more. There are many genetic diseases that require at the most concern during the first stage. Amblyopia may be a disease which happens due to the reduced vision in an eye fixed which hasn’t received adequate use during infancy. The symptoms include tilting the top poor depth perception and improper movements of the attention.

·         Retinopathy of prematurity

·         Orbital Trauma

·         Pediatric Cataract

·         Pediatric Glaucoma

·         Pediatric Optometry

·         Pediatric Vision Care

·         Childhood Malignancies

Children and Surgeryatric Anesthesia has shown a dramatic improvement both in clinical and scientifical disciplines. Such advancements in the Pediatrics anesthesia have resulted in significant reduction in morbidity and mortality in children. Scientific technology has caused many sophisticated monitoring and enhancements in equipment which can support the popularity of psychological needs of youngsters which has reduced the incidence of lasting psychological effects after hospitalization.

• Myocardial innervation
• Post thoracotomy care
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
• Central Venous Catheters in Small Infants
• Children and Surgery

Coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS- CoV- 2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. COVID- 19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, the flu, or pneumonia. COVID- 19 may attack more than your lungs and respiratory system. Other parts of your body may also be affected by the disease. Most people with COVID- 19 have mild symptoms, but some people become severely ill.

Bacterial infectious diseases are illnesses caused by bacteria, which are single- celled microorganisms. While many bacteria are harmless or even beneficial, certain strains can cause infections in humans. Septicemia is a serious blood infection. It's when bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning.

Important and serious bacterial infections are

• Clostridium difficile
• Cholera
• Leptospirosis
• Meningitis
• MRSA infection
• Pneumonia
• Tetanus
• Tuberculosis

Microbiology

Microbiology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of microorganisms, which are microscopic, single- celled organisms or entities that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Microbiologists investigate the characteristics, behavior, genetics, and roles of microorganisms in various environments, including their interactions with other organisms. Microbiology has broad applications in medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and biotechnology. Understanding microbiology is crucial for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases, developing vaccines, and exploring microbial contributions to global ecosystems.

Virology

Virology is a specialized branch of microbiology that specifically focuses on the study of viruses. Viruses are unique entities that exist at the boundary between living and non-living things. They consist of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid, and some have an outer envelope. Unlike bacteria or fungi, viruses cannot carry out metabolic processes or reproduce on their own; instead, they rely on host cells to replicate. Virologists investigate the structure, classification, replication mechanisms, and pathogenicity of viruses. The field is essential for understanding viral diseases, developing antiviral therapies, and designing vaccines.

Pediatric nutrition is that the maintenance of a correct well-symmetrical diet consisting of the essential nutrients and therefore the capable caloric intake necessary to market growth and sustain the physiologic requirements at the various stages of a child's development. Infant nutritional needs vary considerably with age, level of recreation, and environmental conditions and that they are directly associated with the speed of growth. During the infant stage the need for calories is greater than any postpartum stage due to rapid increase in both height and weight. In general, the typical child expands 55% of energy on metabolic maintenance, 25% on activity, 12% growth, and eight on excretion.

• Nutritional requirements
• Overweight and obesity
• Malnutrition
• Eating disorders
• Food allergies and intolerances
• Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation

Pediatric Genetics

Pediatric Genetics may be a wide-ranging of diseases that has certain sorts of birth defects, chronic diseases, progressive problems and sensory discrepancies that are inherited from one or both parents. In pediatric genetics, conveys diagnostic amenities and genetic counselling to the child with a risk constructed on genes.

• Child care
• Child growth
• Immunization
• Developmental screening
• Anticipatory guidance

Fungal Infectious Diseases

Fungal infectious diseases, also known as mycoses, are caused by various types of fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that can be either unicellular(yeasts) or multicellular(molds). While many fungi are harmless, some can cause infections in humans.

Most common fungal diseases are

• Fungal Nail Infections
• Vaginal Candidiasis
• Ringworm
• Candida infections of the mouth, throat, and esophagus

Nosocomial Infections and Control

Nosocomial infections, also called health- care- associated or clinic- acquired infections, are a subset of catching conditions acquired in a health- care establishment. To be considered nosocomial, the infection can't be extant at confession; first, it must evolve at least 48 hours after confession.

Types of nosocomial infections include:

• Central line-associated bloodstream infections
• Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
• Surgical site infections
• Ventilator-associated pneumonia
• Bacterial
• Fungal
• Viral
• Gastrointestinal